Kerosene-burner.



H LEMPI KEROSENE BURNER.- APPLICATION-FILED AUG. 5, 1903.

Patented Sept. 6, 1910 I Inventor: 'Hebrnann Lem mw Y Oqtby.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HEBMANN LEMP, OF LYNN, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TOGENERAL ELECTRIC- COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

KEROSENE-BURNER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 6, 1910.

Application filed August 5, 1903. Serial No. 168,297.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HERMANN LEMP, a citizen of the United States,residing at Lynn, count-y of Essex, State of Massachusetts, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Kerosene-Burners, .ofwhich the following is a specification.

I The use of kerosene as fuel for burners of the Bunsen type, such asarecommonly used in connection with automobile steam generators,'isattended with difiiculty. This is due largely to the fact that kerosenerequires a high degree of temperature to effect its vaporization and tomaintain it in a gaseous state. Condensation of the yapor takes placerapidly 'under cooling influences. If, for any reason, the condensedkerosene is injected into the burner as a liquid, its presence in theburner will cause smoke and smell and seriously retard the lighting ofthe burner.

"In the common form of vapor burner, a pilot burner is employed for. thepurpose of preliminary starting or restarting the main burner ofthe-boiler. The pilot burner is generally situated in the combustioncham-- ber of the boiler. 'In this position it subserves two functions,that of heating the vaporizer and of efi ecting the ignition of the aporwhen a sutlicient amount has been generated to begin issuing from the.vapor apertures of the burner. Vlly this. arrangement, however, theflame of the pilot burner is restricted to a limited portion ofthevaporizing system so that remoteportions thereof become cold. This isparticularly objectionable for the reason that when the pilot home aloneis in operation-the flame heatsonly the vaporizer while the tube connection leading therefrom. to the injector, and located outside'of theboiler and burner casing. fails to be heated. The resulting elfectisthat condensation of kerosene vapor occurs in the tube conncctiomConsequently when it is desired to restart the main burner the freshsupply of vapor generated in the vaporizer-will, when injected, entraina certain amount of liquid kerosene with it. Thus the liquid kerosene isforced into the injector tube and mixing chamber'of the main burner andcollects in the same. As

the liquid is of a. temperature lower than Ynder these conditions, withthe presence of liquid kerosene in the burner, the ignition of the vaporis considerably retarded and the burning attended with odor and smoke.

The object of my invention is to overcome the objections above named.Therefore, in the means for accomplishing this, the pilot burner isarranged in such a position that its flame impinges upon the injectornozzle and the connection between it and the vaporizer. The flame of thepilot burner is permitted to extend into the combustion chamber of theboiler so as to effect the lighting of the main burner. Thus thefunction of the pilot burner is to heat the injector and its tube orconnection suiliciently to cause complete vaporization of the kerosenefor starting purposes. It thereby prevents the condensation of 'aporinto liquid kerosene and its injection into the injector tube and mixingchamber of the burner.

fully described hereinafter and finally set forth in the claims.

tratcs one embodiment of my invention, Figure 1 shows a section of thecombustion chamber of a boiler and main burner, with a pilotv burnerapplied thereto; Fig. 2 is a detail view of the pilot burner; and Fig. 3is a modified form of pilot burner attached to the boiler.

The main burner is of the injector or Bm-isen type, such as is used inconnection with steam generators for automobiles. My invention has to doparticularly with a. pilot lmrner-and is adapted to be applied to anykind of burner operating upon the injector principle for mixing thekerosene vapor with air. i

Referring to the drawing. 1 rcpresentsthe yombustion chamber of a. steamgenerator, 9 the main burner of the fiat chamber kind,

.tions 4. The burner 2 is provided with the injector tube 5 arrangedradially under the same in a horizontal position. An injector (i isarranged extcriorly of the boiler and disposed centrally in line withthe mouth of the injector tube. The injector is controlled by a suitableneedle valve 7. A Wiper-carrying tube 8 connects the injector with amain vaporizer 9. This vaporizer is arranged in the combustion chamberso as to be heated In the accmupanying' drawing, which illus-.

' Thedetails of arrangement will be more having the usual air lines 3and'g'as poi-foraby the flame of the main burner. Obviously suitableconnection for the vaporizer 9 is made with a source of fuel supply,,andthe feed of the fuel may be after any approved manner.

Instead of arranging the pilot burner in the combustion chamber of theboiler casing according to the common practice, the pilot burner in thepresent case is arranged out: side of the boiler. The pilot burner 10 issupported adjacent the injector so that its flame. plays upon theinjector and vapor tube. In order to concentrate the flame upon theinjector and vapor tube, a heating flue or chimney ll. illcloses thesemembers. This heating flue is secured to the shell or casing of theboiler and communicates with the combustion chamber at one end. For thislatter purpose the shell of the boiler is provided with an opening 12through which the vapor tube extends to connect with .the mainvaporizer. The opening 12 is of suifieienttly large diameter to permitfree communication between the heating flue and the combustion chamber,so that the flame and burned gases of the pilot burner can pass into thecombustion chamber. In order to protect the nozzle 13 of the injector 6from the flame of the pilot burner, the injector is arrangedtransversely in the heating tube, with the nozzle projecting snuglythrough the wall. The needle valve stem also passes through the wall ofthe heating flue.

The pilot burner consists of a vaporizing tube or vaporizer 1t suitablycoiled to produce a large heating surface i1i"a--= si nall compass, andthe end of the tube tcrminati s in a nozzle 15. The nozzle 15 ispreferably turned toward the coiled portion of the tube, so that theflame from the nozzle will impinge upon the vaporizing tube. lipeconnection 16 is bad with a source of liquid fuel supply, thisconnection being preferably independent of the fuel supply pi ie leadingto the main vaporizer. nee le -valve 17 is provided for controlling thefuel supply to the ilot burner. At the outer end of the heating line astarting cupid is arranged in close proximity to the *alve andvaporizing tube of the pilot burner.

In operation, the starting cup is provided with a volatile liquid suchas alcohol or gasolene, and the same is lighted. The flame producedthereby serves to start the pilot burner. The vaporizing tube becomesintenselyheated, and as the kerosene is fed to the same by opening theneedle valve 17,

vvapor is immediately generated. This vapor or gas issues from thenozzle and ignites by the flame rising from the starting cap. The pilotflame thereafter vaporizes its own fuel and continues burning as long asthe needle 'alve is opened. The. flame of the pilot burner passes upthrough the heating tube, andheats the injector and vapor tubesufficiently to cause vaporization of the kerosene for supplying themain burner. Upon opening the needle valve 7 of the injector the vaporissues into the injector tube, becoming mixed with air, and then themixture of vapor and air passes into the chamber of the burner fromwhich it issues through the perforations 4 into the combustion chamber.In the combustion chamber the gas ignites by means of the flame of thepilot burner.

As shown in Fig. 3, the modified embodiment of my invention comprises,ingeneral terms, a main vaporizer 19. an injector 20, an injector tube 21.a main burner 22, a pilot burner 23, and a heating flue 2 t. Theessential difference between the modified construction and that alreadydescribed is that the connecting tube between the main vaporizer andinjector is so shortened as to be substantially dispensed with. Theflame of the pilot burner is adapted to impinge upon the injector andthe adjacent end of said vaporizer. The pilot burner is of the sameconstruction, but is disposed horizontally, with the injector vertical.For the startingcup is substituted a dished portion 525 formed in theheating flue. In order to meet this new position of the injector. theinjector tube is upturned at its outer end, as is clearly shown.

The operationof the modified form of pilot burner similar to "that ofthe form hcreinbefore described.

It will be 11o tedthat by arranging the pilot burner adjacent the nozzleof the 1njcctor the liquid kerosene positively vaporizes before itpasses out of the nozzle. Thereby the injection of liquid into the mainburner is prevented, with its attending objections of retarding thelighting and causing smoke and odor during burning.

In accordance withthe provisions of the patent statutes I have describedthe principle of operation of my invention, together with the apparatuswhich I now consider to be the best embot'limen't thereof; but I do sireto have it understood that the apparatus shown is only illustrative andthat the invention can be carried out by other means.

lVhat I claim as ne\v,"and desire to secure by Letters Patent of theUnited States, is,-

' the burner, an open ended flue in the walls of which the injector ismounted with its nozzle outside said walls, said flue opening to the airat its outer end and having its inner end entering the combustionchamber adjacent one end of the vaporizer, a. conduit located within theflue which conveys fuel vapor from the vaporizer to the injector, apilot burner in the flue between the outer end and the'injector, whichdirects its flame against the injector and also along the flue into thechamber to heat the vaporizer, and a vaporizer for the pilot burnerwhich is heated by the flame thereof.

2. A burner system comprising a main burner, a vaporizer arranged abovethe burner,. a casing for the vaporizer which forms a combustionchamber, and an injector receiving vapor from the vaporizer which isexterior to the casing, in combination with an auxiliary or pilot burnerwhich comprises a nozzle, a'vaporizing coil con-,

nected with the nozzle which is heated by the pilot flame, a flue in thewalls of which the injector is mounted with its nozzle projecting beyondsaid walls, an injector tube leading from a point opposite the injectornozzle to the main burner, said flue surrounding the auxiliary burner,directing the pilot flame on the injector and entering the casingopposite the main vaporizer to discharge its contents over saidvaporizer, a conduit extending along the median line of the flue betweenthe main vaporizer; and the injector, and a starting cup for heating theauxiliary system which is arranged adjacent the outer end of the flue toreceive fuel from said pilot burner nozzle.

3. In combination, a 'lcasing, a main burner of thechamber type attachedto the lower endof the casing, a vaporizer arranged in the casing abovethe burner, a pilot burner, an injector 'for the main burner whichreceives vapor fromthe vaporizer and is arranged between the latter andthe pilot burner, a vaporizer for the pilot burner which is disposedbetween the same and the injector to be heated by the pilot flame, afine in the walls of which the in-' jector is mounted transversely ofthe flue passage with its nozzle projecting from one of said walls, saidflue also surrounding the pilot burner and its vaporizer and enteringthe casing adjacent the main vaporizer to discharge its contents oversaidvaporizer, a conduit extending along the median line of the finebetween the main vaporizer and the injector, anda valve for theinjector, the

porizer and the injector, the latter being exterior to the casing, incombination w1th a pilot burner comprising a vapor discharging nozzlewhich is located adjacent toand directs its flame against the injectorand along said tube, a vaporizer connected with and supplying saidnozzle which is heated by the pilot flame, and a flue along the medianline of which the tube between the injector and the main vaporizerextends, said flue surrounding the pilot burner system and the injectorand entering the casing opposite said main vaporizer.

5. The combination of a main burner, a casing extending upwardly fromthe burner, a main vaporizer arranged in the casing for supplying theburner, the casing having an opening adjacent said main vaporizer, aninjector discharging fuel vapor from the main vaporizer to the burner, atubular flue in the walls of which the injector is mounted transverselyof the flue passage with its nozzle projecting from the walls thereof,an injector tube leading from a'point opposite the nozzle to the mainburner, said flue being open to the atmosphere at one end and having itsother end connected with the opening in the casing, a tube extendingalong the median line of the flue between the main vaporizer and theinjector to supply the latter with fuel, a pilot burner arranged in theopen end of the flue which sends its flaine along said flue over theinjector and the tube and through the opening in the casing to contactwith theinain vaporizer, and a vaporizer for the pilot burner which isheated by its flame.

'In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this third day of August1903.

HERMANN LEMP.

Witnesses: M

DUGALD MoK. cKnmor, IIENRY WESTENDARP.

